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Yet he talked a lot during the cross-Pacific flight. Deng was not a talkative person, especially when he was with his associates. The United States, as Deng then perceived, should play a central role in China’s drive toward modernity and beyond. This was a gigantic achievement for Deng, as it allowed him to accomplish a critical step toward his plan to launch China’s grand “reform and opening-up” project. How could he not be in such a bright mood? A few weeks prior, the People’s Republic of China (PRC) and the United States of America established diplomatic relations. On January 31, 1979, Deng Xiaoping, China’s paramount leader of the post-Mao era, boarded a plane for a historic visit to the United States. A “grand understanding” between China and the United States, no matter how difficult to achieve, is sorely needed. None of them can be “solved” through a Chinese-American confrontation. The biggest challenges facing both China and the United States are those from within. China today is not Wilhelm II’s Germany in the First World War, nor Hitler’s Germany, Mussolini’s Italy, or militarist Japan in the Second World War, and certainly not the Soviet Union of the Cold War. Despite all of China’s deep “strategic problems,” its economy, society, culture, and popular mindset have experienced profound transformations in the reform and opening era. Cooperation with the United States was from the beginning the cornerstone of Deng Xiaoping’s design for China’s reform and opening-up grand project. The United State “won” the Cold War, and China survived it. In the last two decades of the Cold War, when China and the United States became “tacit allies,” both countries benefited. When China and the United States were bitter enemies in the first twenty years of the Cold War, both countries suffered. Only during one-fifth of the time were they adversaries. Yet, reflections on the history of Chinese-American relations in the 20 th-century-and the past four decades in particular-may offer some time-tested wisdom, thus letting us occupy a more informed and discerning position to deal with vital challenges facing both the United States and China.Ī historical review of the development of Chinese-American relations reveals that during four-fifths of the twentieth century, China and the United States were allies, tacit allies, or constructive partners. CWIHP Working Paper 92 From Mao to Deng: China’s Changing Relations with the United States Chen JianĪbstract: What is the meaning of China’s rise? What are its consequences? Are China, the rising power and the world’s second largest economy, and the United States, the dominant power in the world, likely to chart a perilous course toward the “Thucydides’s Trap”? History alone does not provide direct answers to these critical questions.

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To download this Working Paper, please click here. Careers, Fellowships, and Internships Open/Close.Science and Technology Innovation Program.The Middle East and North Africa Workforce Development Initiative.Kissinger Institute on China and the United States.Nuclear Proliferation International History Project.North Korea International Documentation Project.

Environmental Change and Security Program.Hyundai Motor-Korea Foundation Center for Korean History and Public Policy.